Aim To investigate the association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and CETP TaqⅠB polymorphism with type 2 diabetic macroangiopathy in Chinese. Methods The level of serum CETP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CETP genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 96 healthy controls and 226 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results ①The serum level of CETP in type 2 diabetes groups was significantly higher than that in controls, and its level in patients with macroangiopathy was higher than that in patients without macroangiopathy. ②The frequency of genotype B1B1 (37.3%) in type 2 diabetes with macroangiopathy significantly higher than that in patients without macroangiopathy (16.4%). Compared with genotype B₂B₂ ( 29.1% ) class, the morbidity of macroangiopathy in genotype B1B1 (68.3%) or B1B₂ (46.6%) class was significantly increased. ③Multiple logistic analysis showed that the serum CETP and its B1 allele were the important risk factors of type 2 diabetic macroangiopathy. Conclusions ①Serum CETP level rises in diabetic patients and high CETP level may be an important risk factor for type 2 diabetic macroangiopathy. ②CETP TaqⅠB polymorphism is associated with the development and progression of type 2 diabetic macroangiopathy. B1 allele may be a susceptible gene of type 2 diabetic macroangiopathy.