Aim To build an animal model of plaque disruption and arterial thrombosis by pharmacological triggering atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods Sixty New Zealand White rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups at random: balloon-injury +high lipid diet group, high lipid diet group and regular diet group. Rabbits in balloon-injury +high lipid diet group underwent balloon-induced arterial wall injury and then were fed on a diet of 1% cholesterol; rabbits in high lipid diet group were only given 1% cholesterol; rabbits in regular diet group were fed on a regular diet. They were all fed for 3 months. Then the three groups underwent pharmacological triggering with Russell's viper venom (RVV) and histamine. Results Atherosclerotic plaques were found in balloon-injury +high lipid diet group and high lipid diet group; the lipid cores in the first group were larger than those in the second group. In balloon-injury +high lipid diet group, it was found that plaques disruption and thrombosis occurred in 11 out of the 18 rabbits and in total 15 lesions occurred plaque disruption and thrombi after triggering. In high lipid diet group, only 5 rabbits demonstrated plaques disruption and thrombosis and there were in all 7 thrombi. However, rabbits in the regular diet group did not have plaques disruption and thrombosis. Conclusions With atherosclerotic plaque animal models, we could pharmacologically trigger plaque disruption and arterial thrombosis.