Aim To investigate the effect of the functional state of nAChRα7 on chemerin and chemerinR gene expression and to initially explore the molecular influencing mechanism of non-cholinergic system to lipolytic hydrolysis in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. Method 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with 1-methyl-3-isobuthylxanthine+Insulin+Dexamethasone+fetal bovine serum+DMEM/F12.The relatively quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of chemerin and chemerinR at indicated time point including 0 h,6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,6 d and 9 d during 3T3-LI cells differentiation,and the gene expression change of chemerin and chemerinR in preadipocytes and fully differentiated adipocytes were observed when cells treated by various concentration(10-8 mol/L,10-6 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L) of selective nAChRα7 agonist choline chloride or selective nAChRα7 antagonist methyllycaconitine. Results ①The expression of chemerin and chemerinR mRNA was low but detectable in confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.When hormonally stimulated by IBMX+DEX+Insulin,their expression both increased markedly until day 9.②The results showed that the mRNA level of chemerin in both preadipocytes and adipocytes and that of chemerinR in preadipocytes were significantly increased by methyllycaconitine and down-regulated by choline.However,the above nAChRα7 ligands had no obvious effect on chemerinR expression in mature adipocytes.③The above nAChRα7 ligands have stronger effect on preadipocytes than adipocytes. Conclusion nAChRα7 is probably the important factor that allows non-neuronal cholinergic system play biological effect.nAChRα7 mediated lipolysis,in part by directly activating a nicotinic cholinergic receptor located in adipocyte,in part by regulating other lipolysis-associated adipokines.