Aim To discuss the dynamic changes and significance of the compensatory angiogenesis and related gene expression in muscle after limb ischemia.Methods Femoral artery ligation method was used to establish nude mice limb ischemia model.3 days,1,2,3 and 4 weeks after limb ischemia,nude mice limb ischemic changes were observed respectively.Hematoxylin-Eosine staining and CD34 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe ischemic morphological changes in muscle tissue.The application of Western Blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detection of hypoxia inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) was used to observe the dynamic changes of gene expression in ischemic muscle.Results Nude mice limb gangrene was the most serious in 1～2 weeks after ischemia and improved 3～4 weeks after.After the limb ischemia,muscle fibers shrink and deformation in 3～4 weeks were getting better.The microvascular count was the highest in 2 weeks after limb ischemia.The gene expression of HIF-1α and HGF was the strongest in 3 days after limb ischemia,VEGF gene expression reached a peak at 1 week end.In 3～4 weeks after limb ischemia,all the gene expression were close to normal.Conclusion The short-term process of angiogenesis was mediated by HIF-1α,HGF and VEGF gene expression after the limb ischemia,but a limited number of capillary formation was not enough to compensate the state of limb ischemia.