Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a mature therapeutic option in the treatment of coronary heart disease, which have significantly improved myocardial perfusion, the quality of life and reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with ischemic heart diseases in recent years. However, PCI can not only bring benefits to patients, but also cause irreversible mechanical damage of the intimal, eventually resulting in endothelial damage and restenosis of the target vessel. Although the strong effects of antiplatelet drugs and drug-eluting stent postoperative can reduce the rate of restenosis after stent implantation, late stent thrombosis and restenosis still can not be ignored. Adverse cardiac events after PCI continue to be problematic despite advances in stent design and adjunctive pharmacotherapy.The elucidation of the mechanism of PCI associated vascular injury may help to develop an effective treatment modality to manage the complications associated with PCI.