Aim To investigate the level of the prorenin and the association between prorenin and vascular damage in essential hypertension and diabetes patients. Methods The cases were divided into essential hypertension （EH） group （n＝78）, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus （EH＋T2DM） group （n＝41）. Collect the history of hypertension and diabetes. The plasma concentrations of prorenin were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） system, the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity （cfPWV） was tested by the non-invasive vasculare testing device. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was applied to analyse the data. Unpaired independent t-test was used to analyze the comparisons between means. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between prorenin and cfPWV. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent determinants of cfPWV. Results Age, body mass index （BMI）, creatinine, total cholesterol （TC）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDLC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC）, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were not statistically different between the two groups （P>0.05）, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride （TG） and fasting plasma glucose （FPG） in EH＋T2DM group were higher than in EH group （P<0.05）. Prorenin were not statistically different between the two groups （P>0.05）.cfPWV in EH＋T2DM group were higher than in EH group （P<0.05）. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed the age, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were associated with cfPWV. Multiple regression analysis showed the age and systolic blood pressure were the independent determinants of cfPWV. Conclusions （1）Prorenin were not statistically different between EH＋T2DM group and EH group. （2）Essential hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes increased the vascular damage, but the levels of plasma prorenin had no relationship with the vascular damage.