Aim To investigate the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) cDNA mediated by recombinant adeno-associated viral vector2 (rAAV-2) on ischemic myocardium. Methods 20 rabbit myocardial ischemic models were generated by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. All these models were randomly divided into 2 groups: FGF2 gene therapy group (1012 v.g./kg) and control group. RAAV-2/FGF2 or PBS was injected into the ischemic myocardium respectively. After 4 weeks, the expression of objective gene mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR. The histological changes of myocardium and other organs were observed through histological sections. Myocardial capillary counts were calculated to evaluate the proangiogenic effects. Results FGF2 gene expression was observed in rAAV-2/FGF2 treatment group. The microvessel counts of this group and control group were (12.0±1.4)/HPF and (4.5±1.5)/HPF respectively. There was significant difference between two groups(p<0.01). In rAAV-2/FGF2 1012 v.g./kg treatment group, there was no FGF2 gene expression in liver, kidney, spleen, cornea or testis. And no abnormality was detected in tissues structure through histopathological detection. Conclusions FGF2 gene mediated by rAAV-2 can be efficiently transferred into rabbit ischemic heart and induce angiogenesis of myocardium successfully. FGF2 gene expression is limited in myocardium.