Aim To investigate the relationship between Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 gene polymorphism and coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods By polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),CX3CR1 gene polymorphism was analyzed in 139 CHD patients and 90 control individuals,and the distribution of CX3CR1 genotype was compared in CHD group and control group. Results The proportion of I249 allele was higher in control group than in CHD group(24.4% and 9.4%,P><0.05).There were no significant differences in 280T/M genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between CHD group and control group(P>0.05). Conclusion The I249 allele of the Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 gene may be associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease,the CX3CR1 gene polymorphism is associated with CHD in Han nationality of South China.