Aim To discuss the intervention effects of the health related behavior of patients with carotid atherosclerosis plaque by individualized health education. Methods 217 patients with carotid atherosclerosis plaque in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease by the examination of color Doppler ultrasound were collected from April 2011 to July 2011. Then they were divided into experimental and control groups, and were separately given traditional education and individualized health education intervention. Four months later, the health-related behavior changes were compared in the two groups of patients （including complying with the health care plan, seeking to promote healthy behavior, and regular physical exercise, weight control, smoking, alcohol consumption）. Results The analysis outcome indicated that the comparison in the test group before and after the intervention was significant. The adoption rate of behavior for complying with the health care plan, seeking to promote healthy behavior, awareness of the disease, regular physical exercise and the proportion of number of physical exercise ≥4 times/week increased. Compared to the control group, experimental group had better improvement on the above. Meanwhile, the proportion of smoking and alcohol consumption declined significantly in the experimental group, and drinking was lower than in the control one （P<0.001）. Conclusion Individual group was more effective than traditional group on improvement of health related behavior in patients with carotid artery plaque.