MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. MiRNA-133 participate in a variety of development and incidence of cardiovascular disease,especially in myocardial remodeling and cardiac arrhythmia,etc.Now，the mechanism of action of the miRNA-133 has not yet been fully understood. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research about the mechanism of action of the miRNA-133 and its relationship with coronary heart disease.