In clinical practice, more and more attention has been paid to chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity, which often hinders the optimal treatment of cancer. Anthracyclines (AC) are the most commonly used anticancer drug, which are very effective for hematological malignancies. Although modern imaging techniques can identify patients at risk of AC induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), the therapeutic effect is not good, part of the reason is that the molecular mechanism of AIC is still unclear. Although AIC is initially attributed to cellular oxidative stress, antioxidants do not prevent AIC, suggesting that AIC involves other mechanisms. A series of studies have shown that autophagy may play an important role. This review will summarize the relevant evidence of autophagy in AIC to explore the role of targeted cardiac autophagy in the prevention of AIC.