Aim To evaluate the effects of lecithin phospholipid liposomes on arterial narrowing after balloon angioplasty in the atherosclerosis rabbits. Methods 50 New Zealand rabbits were divided into observation group (high lipid food plus lecithin phospholipid liposomes), operation group ( no lipid food ), nonoperation group (high lipid food only ) , high lipid group (high lipid food only) and control group ( no lipid food ). The rabbits of the observation group, operation group and high lipid group were underwent balloon angioplasty in the left common iliac artery. The observation group was given lecithin phospholipid liposomes liquids. Results It had indicated the rabbits left iliac arterial lumen diameter was larger, its wall was thicker and its cholesterol concentration was smaller in the observation group than that of the high lipid group (P< 0.05). Aortic arterial plaque area in the observation group was less than that of the high lipid group (P<0.001). In the observation group, higher HDLC, lower VLDLC, LDLC, TC and TG concentration can be observed than that of the high lipid group (P<0.05). Conclusion Lecithin phospholipid liposomes could effectively reduce arterial narrowing in the atherosclerosis rabbits.