Aim The aims was to investigate the effects of Fluvastatin on intimal thickening and the relationship between vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) proliferation, apoptosis and intimal thickening. Methods 56 Rabbits were randomized into two groups: treatment group,non-treatment group. The atherosclerotic lesions were established with high cholesterol diets and iliac artery endothelial denudation. The animals were killed and iliac arteries were removed at 1,2,4,8 w respectively. With HE staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ cell death detection,we observed the effects of fluvastatin on the thickness of intima and intima/media, and the proliferation of VSMCs and cell apoptosis in neointima and media. Results The thickness of neointima and I/M were thinner in treatment group than in non-treatment group. Percentages of PCNA-postive cells and the content of actin in the intima of treatment group was lower than that of non-treatment group. Percentages of apoptosis in treatment group increased with the time and was higher than that of non-treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion Fluvastatin inhibit excessive thickening of vascular intima effectively,which may partly be related to its inhibiting the proliferation of VSMCs and promoting the apoptosis of cells.