Aim To explore the relationship among serum cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and serum lipid in 600 healthy Chinese subjects which belonged to six deferent Chinese peoples including Chinese Han, Menggu, Hui, Weiwuer, Dai and Dongxiang, the levels of CETP and the frequency of exon 15 missense mutation (D442G) and intron 14 splice defect (I14A) in CETP gene were examined. Methods A simple and practical method for detecting two prevalent mutations in CETP gene using PCR-RFLP was developed to scan 600 healthy Chinese subjects. Using ELISA established by our own laboratory to detect the level of serum CETP, and at same time serum lipids and apolipoprotein determination was carried out. Results Frequency of CETP gene D442G and I14A mutation was similar among Chinese Han, Menggu, Hui, Weiwuer, Dai and Dongxiang. There was no significant deference in the level of CETP among six deferent Chinese peoples. Serum total cholesterol (TC) level of Chinese Han was higher than other five Chinese peoples in the study (P<0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) level of Chinese Hui was significantly higher than that of Chinese Han (P<0.05). Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) level in Chinese Menggu, Hui and Dongxiang was lower than that in Chinese Han (P<0.05). Serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) level in Chinese Weiwuer, Hui and Dongxiang was lower than that in Chinese Han (P<0.05). Conclusion There was no significant deference in frequency of CETP gene D442G and I14A mutation in six deferent Chinese peoples and environment factors including zone and meal had little influence on CETP level in six deferent Chinese peoples.