Aim To evaluate the relationship of the erythrocytes immunity and atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty five male rabbits were fed with a high fatty diet for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profile, rosette rate of red blood cell C 3b (RBC C 3bRR), the rosette rate of red blood cell immune complexes (RBC ICR), and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured before and after high fatty diet. The intimal medial thickness (IMT) of abdominal aorta were measured by echocardiography at the same time. Results Serum lipid level were elevated,and RBC ICR, CIC, IMT were increased (13.25%± 2.97% vs 20.27%±3.02%, p<0.01; 156.60±40.27 μg vs 537.55±141.95 μg, p<0.01; 0.32±0.02 mm vs 0.89± 0.19 mm , p<0.01), and RBC C 3bRR were decreased (10.36%±2.14% vs 6.44%±1.95%, p<0.01) significantly after 12 weeks high fatty diet compared with base line. Linear correlation analysis demonstrated that CIC has a positive relation with IMT(r=0.63, p<0.01)and RBC ICR(r=0.86, p<0.001). RBC C 3bRR has a negative relation with CIC(r=69, p<0.01). Conclusion The decreasing of erythrocytes immune adhesive ability may be an important risk factor of the atherosclerosis.