Aim The purpose of this study was to compare the lipid lowering and anti atherosclerosis efficacy of homemade Simvastatin with Zocor (Simvastatin). Methods 56 rabbits were randomized into four groups. One group was fed with regular chow and did not receive treatments (served as normal control group). The second group was fed with cholesterol enriched diet and served as atherosclerosis group (As group). The other two groups were fed with the cholesterol enriched diet in conjunction with either domestic simvastatin or Zocor in a daily oral dose (domestic Simvastatin group and Zocor group respectively). The hypolipidemic and anti atherosclerosis effect of the above treatments was examined by estimating the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). The extent of aortic atherosclerosis was measured by planimetry of the sudanophilic area. Results At the end of 8 and 12 week treatment, levels of TC and TG in As group were increased significantly compared with normal control group at the same phase. The histopathological examination revealed marked alteration in aortic wall with the appearance of large multiple atheromatous plaques in As group, domestic Simvastatin group and Zocor group after treatment, but both the domestic Simvastatin group and the Zocor group were significantly less than that in As group (p<0.01). The total lipids lowering effective rate and anti atherosclerosis efficacy of domestic simvastatin group was equal to Zocor group. Conclusion homemade Simvastatin is an effective medicine for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.