Aim To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end product (AGE) on the proliferative activity of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) of rats. Methods In this study, Type Ⅰ Collagen AGE and Bovine serum albumin AGE was prepared in vitro. Cultured VSMC were obtained from rat abdominal aorta and used between passage 3 and 4, then stimulated with AGE. The control groups were stimulated with Type Ⅰ Collagen and bovine serum albumin. At the same time, anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody was added in cells. 3H TdR incorporation into cultured cells was used as a parameter for cell proliferation. Results Type Ⅰ Collagen AGE caused the increase in 3 H TdR incorporation of cells compared with Type Ⅰ Collagen, which was abrogated by anti VEGF antibody. But bovine serum albumin AGE reduced the proliferation of cells, and anti VEGF antibody didn't affect cell proliferation. Conclusion The effects of Type Ⅰ Collagen AGE and bovine serum albumin AGE to the proliferation of VSMC and secretion of VEGF on VSMC are different.