Aim To investigate the relationships between transient ischemic attack (TIA) and serum lipoprotein(a) and plasma D-dimer. Methods The serum levels of lipoprotein(a) and the plasma levels of D-dimer were measured in 48 patients with TIA within 24 hours. 25 healthy were set as control group. Results The levels of lipoprotein(a) and D-dimer in patients with TIA were higher than control group (p<0.05). In TIA group, the levels of lipoprotein(a) and D-dimer in those patients with infarction significantly increased compared with those without infarction (p<0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that increased lipoprotein(a) and D-dimer may play roles in the formation of TIA.