Aim To investigate the effect of Angiotensin-(1-7)[ Ang-(1-7)]on the activities of protein kinase C (PKC), migogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcineurin (CaN) in cultured rat adventitial fibroblasts to affect proliferation. Methods PKC, MAPK and CaN activities were measured in cultured rat adventitial fibroblasts, the proliferation was examined by 3H-Thymidine (3H-TdR) and 3H-Leucine (3H-Leu) incorporation. Results By contrast, AngⅡ promoted PKC, MAPK and CaN activities in cultured rat adventitial fibroblasts (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Ang-(1-7) not only inhibited PKC, MAPK and CaN activities, but also decreased AngⅡ mediated PKC, MAPK and CaN activities, compared with their respective controls (p<0.01 or p<0.05). AngⅡ increased 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu incorporation in cultured rat adventitial fibroblasts, Ang-(1-7) not only inhibited 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu incorporation, but also decreased 3H-TdR and 3H-Leu incorporation mediated by AngⅡ in cultured rat adventitial fibroblasts, compared with their respective controls (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Conclusion It is concluded that Ang-(1-7) inhibited cultured rat adventitial fibroblasts proliferation by depressing PKC-MAPK and CaN signaling pathway