Aim To elucidate the relationship between lipoprotein lipase(LPL) gene HindⅢ polymorphism and plasma lipid profiles and HDL subclasses in obesity. Methods LPL gene HindⅢ polymorphism was assayed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).The subclasses of serum HDL in 95 obese subjects and 144 nonobese subjects were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis conjunction with immunodetection method. Results Both in obese group and control group,the H~+H~+ homozygote and H~+ allele were the major allelotype.There was no statistically significant difference in frequencies of genotypes or alleles between two groups.Obese group had higher plasma triglycerides,apoB₁₀₀,apoCⅡ,apoCⅢ,apoE,preβ1-HDL levels and TG/HDLC,but lower HDLC,apoAI,HDL2b,apoE/CⅢ compared with control group(p<0.05).In obese group,HindⅢ H~+H~+ had higher plasma triglycerides than H~-H~-genotype.Compared with H~-H~-genotype,the subjects with H~+H~+ and H~+H~-genotypes had higher apoB₁₀₀,preβ1-HDL,HDL3b levels but lower apoE/CⅢI,HDL2a,HDL2b.In control group,the genotypes of H~+H~+ and H~+H~-showed higher apoCⅡ,apoCⅢ,HDL3b levels,but lower apoE/CⅢ,HDL2a,HDL2b levels compared with the genotype of H~-H~-(p<0.05). Conclusions H~+H~+ genotype was associated with higher plasma TG levels of obesity.LPL gene polymorphism was associated with plasma levels as well as associated with changes of HDL subclasses distribution in Chinese population.And the particle size of HDL tended to be smaller in H~+ allele carrier' subjects,furthermore,the tendency was more obvious in obese group,which indicated that HDL maturation might be abnormal in subjects with H~+ allele.