Aim To investigate the difference in the types and mechanisms of vascular remodeling among the different brain arteries. Methods The parameters of vascular remodeling and the smooth muscle cells (SMC)were measured through the HE staining photos of the arteries. Protein expression of fibronectin (FN) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The amount of SMC and FN expression level in carotid arteries decreased significantly while the SMC average area increased compared with SD at 4 weeks post-operation. At the end of eighth week, there was a significant increase in wall thickness, wall area, wall-to-lumen diameter ratio, wall-to-area ratio, SMC average area and FN expression level and a decrease in SMC amount of specific area of RHRSP carotid arteries. Wall area in RHRSP basial arteries had been increased since the fourth week post-operation and FN expression increased at the eighth week. There was a significant differece in lumen diamerer, wall-to-lumen diameter ratio and wall-to-area ratio between the middle cerebral arteries of SD and RHRSP (4 or 8 weeks post-operation). The wall thickness,wall area and the SMC amount of RHR middle cerebral arteries were significantly higher than SD at 8 weeks post-operation. Conclusions The difference in the types and mechanisms of vascular remodeling in RHRSP brain arteries may be connected with different stroke behavior among them.