Aim To observe dynamically the serial concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sCIAM-1) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI) and its significance. Methods The serial concentrations of sICAM-1 and TGF-β1 in 50 patients with ACI and 30 healthy control subjects were measured by ELISA method. Results The serial concentrations of sICAM-1 in patients with ACI significantly exceeded those detected in the healthy control subjects at day 1st,day 3rd and day 7th,the serial concentrations of TGF-β1 in patients with ACI significantly decreased compared with those of the healthy control subjects at day 1st and day 3rd. Conclusion The dynamic changes of the serial alteration of sICAM-1 and TGF-β1 concentration may reflect the immunological and inflammatory status of the patients with ACI,meanwhile,sICAM-1 is an inflammatory damaging factor and TGF-β1 can protect brain tissue.