Aim To explore the structural and functional changes of aortic wall in vessel calcification rats after mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation and try to find a new way to cure serious vessel damage. Methods 8-weeks old healthy Wistar rats were used to copy calcification model using vitamin D3 plus nicotine and receive MSC transplantation. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure, elatic/collagen ratio, type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen, calcification degree were measured according to different coloration methods. Results MSC infusion can reduce elastic/collagen ratio (1.5%±0.3% vs 0.9%±0.2%) and PWV (204±20 vs 298±26) in rats compared with the pseudo-operation group (p<0.01). Pathologic analysis showed a obvious decrease of Calcium amounts in cell transplantation group (13.80±1.28 mg/g vs 29.90±1.85 mg/g, p<0.01). Conclusion MSC infusion can slow down or reverse the aortic remodeling progress in calcification rats by changing the ratio of extracellular matrix (ECM). Such structural change came with the reduction of PWV, which was a sign of artery compliance. MSC can regulate calcium content in artery to regress the vessel remodeling during the calcification, which led to function improvement in the end.