Aim To study the sensitivity of augmentation index(AI) and pulse way velocity(PWV) in evaluation of aortic stiffness.Methods Seventy-three continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients in a single center were included in the present study.Ankle-brachial pressure index(ABI) was measured.The patients were classified into ABI≤0.9 group and ABI>0.9 group.Aortic stiffness was assessed by brachial pulse pressure(PP),central augmentation pressure(C-AP),AI,central PP(C-PP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(CF-PWV).Results The CF-PWV in ABI≤0.9 group was higher than that of ABI>0.9 group.However,there was no difference in AI between the two groups.CF-PWV was positively correlated with ABI(P<0.001),but AI was not correlated with ABI.Conclusions AI was not as sensitive as PWV in evaluating aortic stiffness.Therefore,we should be cautious in utilizing AI to evaluate aortic stiffness.