Aim To study the impact of chronic stress on the coronary atherosclerosis and related factors. Method Totally 36 male Wister rats were randomly and averagely divided into three groups,and all groups were fed for 6 weeks: control group were fed with basic food;the rats in hyperlipidemia group were fed with hyperlipidemia diet;the rats in hyperlipidemia stress group were given hyperlipidemia diet,and were exposed under the different stressors at the same times,including limit,circumvolve and huddle.The rats in hyperlipidemia group and hyperlipidemia stress group were injected with a single dose of vitamin D(600,000 IU/kg) at the beginning of the test,and the control group were injected saline with the equal capacity.The serum level of TC,TG,HDL and LDL were determined after 6 weeks,the serum level of TXB2,IL-6,and TNF-α were tested synchronously with radioimmunoassay,and the change of pathology of the coronary artery were observed with HE dyeing method. Results(1)Level of TC,LDL in hyperlipidemia stress group were obviously higher than those in control group(P<0.01);Compared with control group,level of TC、LDL in hyperlipidemia group were higher(P<0.01).(2) Level of TXB2,IL-6 and TNF-α in hyperlipidemia stress group were remarkably higher than those in control group(P<0.01)and those in hyperlipidemia group(P<0.05).(3)TXB2,TNF-α and TC were significantly correlated with chronic mental stress(r were 0.543,0.354 and 0.392,P<0.05).(4) Forepart pathological changes of coronary atherosclerosis were formed in both hyperlipidemia stress group and hyperlipidemia group,but hyperlipidemia stress group group were more obvious. Conclusion Chronic mental stress could promote the development of coronary atherosclerosis,which was involved in the formation and development of coronary atherosclerosis by disturbing lipide metabolize,increasing inflammatory reaction guided by cytokines and elevating platelet activation.