Aim To investigate the characteristic of cardiac nerve and its influence of ventricular arrhythmias in diabetic rabbit after myocardial infarction. Methods New Zealand rabbits were fed with high-fat/high-sucrose diet in the first two months and then injected with alloxan (80 mg/kg of body weight) via the marginal ear vein to make diabetes mellitus; All alive rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:the diabeties and myocardial infarction group,the diabeties group and the control group. Left anterior descending branch was ligated to induce myocardial infarction model. After electrophysiological recordings,immunostaining was applied to detect the shape and density of ventricular nerve fibers. Results In the diabeties and myocardial infarction group,ventricular arrhythmias were increased compared with those in the diabeties group (85.7% vs 50%,P<0.05). The densities of TH positive nerve fibers were significantly higher in the diabeties and myocardial infarction group than in the diabeties group (P<0.05),and the distribution in the diabeties and myocardial infarction group was more chaotic. Conclusions There were cardiac neural remolding in diabetic rabbit' heart after myocardial infarction and partly associated with the post MI ventricular arrhythmias.