Aim To evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on myocardial inflammation and left ventricular disfunction after coronary microembolization(CME). Methods 48 male SD rats were randomized into control group,CME group,low-dose rosuvastatin group[0.5 mg/(kg·d)] and high-dose rosuvastatin group [3.0 mg/(kg·d)] averagely.Rosuvastatin was fed from pre-to post-CME for two weeks.Αt 3 days post-CME,the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-10(IL-10) in myocardium was assayed by ELISΑ,immunostaining and pathological changes were detected by HE staining.Αt 28 day post-CME,collagen deposition was detected by Masson staining and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Results The levels of TNF-αand IL-1β were lower,and IL-10 was higher in high-dose rosuvastatin group compared with CME group.High-dose but not low-dose rosuvastatin also reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in farct zone,decreased LVEDD,LVESD and increased LVEF,LVFS. Conclusion In rats with CME,perioperative therapy with high-dose rosuvastatin prevents cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.This benefit may be partly derived from reducing myocardial inflammation.