ISR is essentially due to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration,and excessive extracellular matrix production,leading to neointima formation. Rho-kinase,a major regulator of VSMC proliferation and migration,after stenting plays its role in the neointimal formation.Long-term inhibition of Rho-kinase suppresses in-stent neointimal formation by multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway should provide a useful strategy to prevent ISR.