Aim To observe the Ginkgo biloba extract(EGB) on Bcl-2 and Bax expression of rabbit atherosclerotic plaques. Methods 40 rabbits were randomly divided into untreated control group,model group,lipitor group and EGB group.The changes of atherosclerotic plaque area and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were observed. Results The plaque area of EGB group and lipitor group were less than those of the model group(P><0.01).The positive expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in model group were higher than those in untreated control group(P><0.05),the positive expressions of Bax of smooth muscle cells and foam cells decreased in lipitor group and EGB group,the positive expressions of Bcl-2 increased,furthermore Bax/Bcl-2 in EGB group decreased. Conclusion EGB can decrease the expression of Bax/Bcl-2,reduce endothelial cell damage,thus inhibiting the occurrence of atherosclerosis.