Aim To observe the intimal hyperplasia of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone on vein graft. Methods Jugular veins graft model of rats were established.16 rats were divided into rosiglitazone group and model group randomly(8 in each group),rosiglitazone was used in rosiglitazone group.The weight of rats,hyperplasia endomembrane on light microscope,RT-PCR result of electrophoresis were observed after six weeks. Results The weight in model group(521.6±22.3 g) was increased compared with in rosiglitazone group(457.3±25.3 g,P><0.05).Hyperplasia endomembrane in rosiglitazone group was 25.99±3.31 μm and 35.28±5.76 μm in model group compared with normal vein.Expression of PPARγ mRNA in rosiglitazone group(1.12±0.28) was increased compared with model group(0.68±0.20,P><0.05). Conclusion PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone alleviates intimal hyperplasia of vein graft after autologous transplantation in rats.