The discovery of microRNAs is a major breakthrough of biological research in recent years.With the rapid progress in the field,microRNAs have been confirmed to be involved in flammation and immune-mediated disease.Since in ammation is clearly a key event for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis,microRNAs is becoming the research hotspot on revealing the explicit mechanism of atherosclerosis and developing new therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.This article described the investigation progress on how microRNAs modulate the inflammatory cells differentiation and function,and then showed the role of specific microRNAs on inflammatory cytokines.In the end,we addressed the contribution of microRNAs for vascular in ammation involved in atherosclerosis.