Aim To study the expression of CD34 in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions,and the correlation between the expression of CD34 and the lesion types of coronary atherosclerosis,the degree of luminal stenosis and its significance. Methods 312 of coronary artery tissue samples were selected in 53 cases of autopsy.Coronary atherosclerotic lesion and its types were diagnosed by light microscope,and CD34-positive microvessels and CD68-positive macrophages in coronary atherosclerotic lesion were counted by immunohistochemistry. Results CD34-positive microvessels in intima of coronary atherosclerotic lesions were increased with progress of coronary atherosclerotic lesions and aggravation of luminal stenosis with positive correlation(r=0.344,r=0.284,P><0.01),respectively,and the number of CD34-positive microvessels had significant differences between early lesions(typeⅠ-Ⅲ) and advanced lesions(Ⅳ-Ⅵ,P><0.05);The number of CD34-positive microvessels had significant difference between normal cholesterol and hypercholesterolemia(P><0.05);CD68-positive macrophages in intima of coronary atherosclerotic lesions mainly distributed around the CD34-positive blood microvessels,and had positive correlation with CD34-positive microvessels(r=0.303,P><0.01). Conclusion CD34-positive neo-microvessels in intima of human coronary atherosclerosis are increased along with the progress of coronary atherosclerotic lesions and the aggravation of luminal stenosis and the increased infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages and hypercholesterolemia facilitate angiogenesis in atheromatous plaque of coronary atherosclerosis.