Aim To observe and compare the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and-2 in the brain of high fat and diabetic mouse.Methods Heme oxygenase expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western Blotting and immunochemistry.Results More significant heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein expression were observed both in the brain of high fat mouse and diabetic mouse,and the mRNA expression were 1.63 times and 1.60 times of those of control group.Elevated expression of heme oxygenase-2 were observed only in the brain of diabetic mouse,and the quantitative evaluation showed that heme oxygenase-2 protein was increased 1.83-fold in the diabetic group compared with that of control group.Conclusion Heme oxygenase was over-expressed in the brain of diabetic mouse.