MicroRNAs comprise a novel class of conserved,small,non-coding RNAs that are mediators of post-transcriptional gene expression.Studies have demonstrated that MicroRNAs are highly expressed in the cardiovascular system and play a significant role in atherosclerosis.MicroRNA126,MicroRNA221/222,MicroRNA92-a are involved in endothelial function and angiogenesis,MicroRNA217 accelerate Endothelial Cell Senescence,MicroRNA221/222,MicroRNA34 modulate endothelial progenitor cells,MicroRNA145/143,MicroRNA221/222 play a significant role in vascular smooth muscle cell Phenotypic modulation,proliferation,and migration.MicroRNA-125a-5p are involved in macrophage inflammatory response to atherogenic lipids.This review introduces some recent development of the relationship between MicroRNA and atherosclerosis.