Vitamin D deficiency is very common in Chinese.Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated strong association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of hypertension.The mechanism for how vitamin D protect against hypertension has not been fully elucidated.Proposed mechanisms include effects on negative regulation of renin-angiotensin system,on decreasing secretion of parathyroid hormone,on improving insulin resistance as well as direct effects on vasculature.In addition,genetic variants of vitamin D receptor were also the risk factors of human hypertension.Further study on vitamin D and human hypertension will improve the prevention and treatment of hypertension.