Aim To explore the effects of Naoxintong on the plaques formation of abdominal aorta and C-reactive protein(CRP) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Methods 36 male New Zealand White rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups at randomly: balloon injury + high lipid diet(model group),balloon injury + high lipid diet + Naoxintong(Naoxintong group),balloon injury + high lipid diet + simvastatin(simvastatin group).They were all fed for 16 weeks.The CRP concentrations were detected by enzyme-link-immunosorbent assay,and the histopathological changes of the aortas were detected at the end of the study. Results Compared with 0 week,serum total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC) and triglyceride(TG) of three groups were higher in the 8th week and 16th week(P<0.01),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC) was higher in Naoxintong group and simvastatin group(P<0.05);Compared with model group,there were significant difference in TC,LDLC,HDLC of Naoxintong group.Compared with 0 week,the levels of CRP were significantly increased in three groups(P<0.01),and at the end of the study,the CRP levels were significantly decreased in Naoxintong group and simvastatin group compared with model group(P<0.01).Compared with Naoxintong group,plaques thickness of model group was significantly different(P<0.01). Conclusion Naoxintong decreased the plasma cholesterol and CRP concentrations and resisted the inflammatory function,which may inhibit the formation of plaques of abdominal aortas in cholesterolemic rabbit.