Aim To study the influence of probucol on the blood sugar uncontrolled type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with non-proliferative diabetic non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) about blood lipids,oxidative stress indicators,visual function and retinal morphology,so as to search treatment method for these patients.Methods 47 type 2 diabetes patients with 91 NPDR eyes and poor glycemic control at early stage were included.Patients were randomly divided into control and treatment groups:the control group treated by intensive therapy of blood glucose and blood pressure control,the treatment group were treated with the intensive therapy and probucol 0.375 g,2 times a day for 12 months.Before and after treatment,both groups of the patients had their blood lipids,serum level of the total antioxidant capacity(TAOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),visual acuity,fundus,and fundus fluorescein angiography been checked.Results All 47 cases,91 eyes completed the study.Probucol obviously decreased levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC) in plasma of the patients.Levels of TAOC and SOD were improved significantly in the probucol group,while MDA decreased and the visual acuity improved significantly(P<0.01).The retinal capillary hemangioma,fundus bleeding and exudation,and macular edema were decreased significantly in patients of the probucol group(P<0.05).Probucol also has a role in reduction of capillary non-perfusion areas in the diabetic retina.Conclusions Probucol can not only regulate serum lipids of the poor glycemic controlled patients,but also has the action of improving antioxidant capacity.It can improve the visual function,ameliorate retinal’s microangiopathy,and decrease the incidence of macular edema.It means that probucol has a therapeutic effect in blood sugar uncontrolled NDPR patients.