Endothelial progenitor cells(EPC) mainly derived from bone marrow are the precursor of mature endothelial cell,and have the characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells as well as the potential to differentiate into endothelial cells.EPC can participate in the process of atherosclerosis,and are closely related with cardiovascular disease.Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that gender differences exist in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease.This article tries to review the effects and mechanisms of estrogen and androgen on EPC.