Th17 cells were identified recently as CD4+T cell lineages.Transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) and interleukin-6(IL-6) are required to induce the development of Th17 cells from naive T cells.Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma-t(RORγt) is the key transcription factor in the differentiation of Th17 cells and IL-17 is the main effector molecule.Th17 cells/IL-17 play an important role in inflammation.Atherosclerosis(As) is a chronic inflammatory disease.Inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development progress of As.Animal models and clinical trials have found that Th17 cells/IL-17 play a role in As.This paper reviewed the research progress in recent years on the related aspects of the relationship between Th17 cells/IL-17 and As.