Lipoprotein lipase （LPL） plays a central role in lipid metabolism by hydrolyzing triglyceride rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons （CM）, low density lipoproteins （LDL） and very low density lipoproteins （VLDL）, and releasing free fatty acids. Recent studies have shown that LPL is regulated by multiple factors during its synthesis and transport, as well as have influenced on atherogenesis, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we focus on the regulation of LPL's synthesis and transport, its physiological function, and the mechanism of its proatherogenic effect. So as to provide novel therapeutic targets for treating atherosclerosis-related diseases.