There are many methods to build carotid atherosclerosis models of rabbits. For example, air drying, balloon injury, silicone collar, electrical stimuli, microsurgical suture, Helicobacter pylori infection, radiation treatment, liquid nitrogen damage method, chemical burning method, etc. Different ways of building carotid atherosclerotic stenosis have different mechanism and pathological characteristics. This article focuses on the methods of making the carotid atherosclerotic models and their advantages and disadvantages.