MicroRNA(miRNA)have the fine-tune effect to many biological processes, while ATP binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)is the key protein to regulate high density lipoprotein(HDL)metabolism and function. It has been found that a variety of miRNA can inhibit the expression of ABCA1, thereby inhibit the cholesterol efflux, decrease the serum HDL levels. Silencing or inhibiting miRNA expression can not suppress the cholesterol efflux, neither the serum HDL levels changed. Currently people make a lot of studies on miRNA regulating ABCA1 expression, so it is expected to bring evolutions to the treatment technology, and has broad prospects in the field of lipid-regulation and anti-atherosclerosis.