Aim To investigate the present prevalence and risk factors of high LDLC among middle and aged population in urban and rural areas of Chengdu,and to lay the foundation for the future of hyperlipidemia prevention. Methods To investigate the prevalence of high LDLC and influential factors in Chengdu. 5230 persons of 40～79 years old in the urban and rural communities were investigated . Data were collected through questionnaire,physical examination,and laboratory tests. Results The prevalence rate of elevated LDLC among middle-aged and elderly people was 2.18% in Chengdu and the standardized prevalence rate was 2.03%. In 40～74 years old ,the prevalence of elevated LDLC increased gradually with age. The prevalence rate decreased slightly after 75 years old. There was no difference in the prevalence of urban and rural areas. The risk factors of high LDLC in middle-aged and elderly male population in Chengdu area were age and diabetes. Moderate drinking was a protective factor. Risk factors of elevated LDLC in middle-aged and elderly women were rmacrosomia,abdominal obesity and diabetes,protective factors were moderate alcohol consumption and physical exercise. Conclusion Prevalence of elevated LDLC among middle-aged and elderly people in urban and rural Chengdu is low. It is lower than the national level. To decrease prevalence of high low density lipoprotein cholesterol is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Prevention of diabetes,moderate drinking and physical exercise may have positive significance in the prevention of elevated LDLC.