Mechanism of the correlation between phospholipid transfer protein （PLTP） activity and diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis is related with the participation of PLTP on lipoprotein metabolism. The complex biological roles of PLTP on high density lipoprotein （HDL） metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport （RCT） are spectacular. Does PLTP display the roles on atherosclerosis via affecting HDL and RCT process based on previous literatures and our works on PLTP, we summarized this article to search for answers and clues.