Immune response of the allograft artery, especially the immune injury of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, can cause the occurrence of graft arteriosclerosis. Effects of T cells, cytokines and antibodies on graft artery are to induce the vascular cell injury and phenotype change, and to lead graft vascular intimal thickening and vascular dilation contraction dysfunction. This paper mainly introduces the immunopathological mechanisms of graft arteriosclerosis.