Aim To study the distribution of blood lipid in hypertensive population and to explore the clinical applications of non-HDLC (non high density lipoprotein cholesterol) in evaluating the occurrence of stroke. MethodsA multistage, stratified clustering sampling scheme was conducted from 2004 to 2006 in the rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province to investigate the blood lipid level of interviewees who were supposed to be followed up in 2014. 4 915 interviewees were available eventually. The levels of non-HDLC were divided into 4 groups:<3.25 mmol/L, 3.25～ mmol/L, 3.78～ mmol/L, 4.33～ mmol/L to research the relationship between non-HDLC and stroke according to the quartile division of non-HDLC. Results With the increasing of the level of non-HDLC, the crude incidences of total stroke and ischemic stroke went up in accordance while the crude incidence of hemorrhagic stroke increased for a bit and then decreased apparently. Comparing with the group of <3.25 mmol/L, the risks of total stroke [RR=1.39(1.11～1.75),P=0.004] and ischemic stroke [RR=1.75(1.32～2.32),P<0.001] were high and meaningful statistically when non-HDLC≥4.33 mmol/L and meaningless statistically. Comparing with the group of <3.25 mmol/L, when non-HDLC <4.33 mmol/L, the relationship of relative risk between hemorrhagic stroke and the level of non-HDLC was not clear.Conclusions The increasing level of non-HDLC was related to total stroke and ischemic stroke and unrelated to hemorrhagic stroke in hypertensive population. The lipid level of rual hypertensive population should be monitored and controlled intensively to decrease the occurance of correlative cardiovascular diseases.