Aim To establish a novel rat model of atherosclerosis. Methods 16 ApoE deficient rats(ApoE－/－ Rats) were divided into experimental group and control group on the average,and fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks. The experimental group received Alzet osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously in the first 4 weeks, filled with angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) , at a rate of 1 μg/(kg·min) uniform release,while the control group was only treated with equivalent saline. At the end of the twelfth week, the experimental animals were tested for body weight and blood collected. The inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) and blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC)) were detected. Sacrificed after anesthesia, the heart and aortic full length were harvested for HE, oil-red-O and Masson staining. Results The atherosclerotic plaque was found in the experimental group, while the control group had no similar performance. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in other aspects. ConclusionApoE deficient rats could be induced atherosclerosis plaque successfully, when were treated with high fat diet and AngⅡ.