Aim To investigate the relationship between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability (BPV) and renal dysfunction in the elderly. Methods In the third physical examination for Kailuan Group, the method of cluster sampling was adopted to randomly draw 3064 retired employees(≥60 years old), with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Finally, 1382 participants with integral data were recruited into the survey. The elderly were divided into four groups by quartile of the standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SSD). Biochemical index was recorded. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. The effect of SSD on kidney function was analyzed using rank correlation analysis and stepwise linear regression model. Results Among 1382 participants (67.16±5.86 years old), 905 individuals were male and 477 were female. Rank correlation analysis confirmed that there was a significant negative correlation between eGFR levels and 24hSSD, daytime SSD, nighttime SSD. Stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that there was a significant negative linear correlation between eGFR and 24hSSD, daytime SSD after adjustment for other risk factors. Conclusion There was a significant negative linear correlation between eGFR levels and 24hSSD, daytime SSD.