Endothelial cells are considered as important organs for metabolism and secretion, and play an importmant role in regulating the function of blood vessel. The development of multiple cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetic vascular complications, is closely related to endothelial injury. The mechanisms of vascular endothelial cell injury have not yet fully clarified. A large number of studies have shown that mechanisms of endothelial cell injury are mainly related to inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Endothelial progenitor cells play an important role in repairing endothelial injury. A variety of chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine play the role of endothelial protection by means of reducing induced factors, inhibiting inflammation reaction and oxidative stress, delaying endothelial cell aging and other ways.