Aim To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of coronary artery calcification in low-dose CT screening population for lung cancer. Methods A total of 2722 asymptomatic men over 40 years of age was selected, who were screened first time for lung cancer with low-dose CT from 2013 to 2016, aged 40-81 years old, including 1052 smokers and 1670 non-smokers. The related medical history and blood biochemical examination data were collected, including age, body mass index, smoking history, diabetes history and blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), serum uric acid and creatinine. Visual scoring method was used to assess coronary artery calcification score. The difference of calcification detection rate among different populations was examined by χ² test. Coronary artery calcification and risk factors were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression. Results Among the 2722 cases, coronary artery calcification occurred in 642 cases (23.6%), of which mild, moderate and severe calcification accounted for 88.8%, 8.9% and 2.3%, respectively, with an average age of 56.7±9.8 years; There were 2080 cases without coronary artery calcification, with an average age of 49.5±7.1 years. The detection rate of coronary artery calcification in smoking group was higher than that in non-smoking group (25.9% vs 22.2%, P＝0.027). Coronary artery calcification was significantly related to age, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and high serum creatinine, but was not significantly related to HDLC, LDLC, and high serum uric acid. With the increase of age, the detection rate of calcification increased gradually. The detection rate of calcification in smoking group was 2 times higher than that in non-smoking group under 50 years old. Conclusion The detection rate of mild coronary artery calcification is higher in low-dose CT screening asymptomatic population for lung cancer. Age, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and high serum creatinine are risk factors for coronary artery calcification.